Origin

Synthesized from bovine liver tissue extract amino-acid analysis by Khavinson's group. Registered in Russia as injectable (cytamin/hepatamin) and oral tablet formulations, also known as tetrapeptide KEDA.

Mechanism

Proposed to regulate hepatic cell regeneration, normalize immune/antioxidant status in liver tissue, and support structural homeostasis during metabolic dysfunction and aging.

Research summary

Evidence

A 2020 review documented hepatoprotective and anti-aging properties in animal/in-vitro liver fibrosis models; older organotypic culture studies established tissue-specific effects in liver cultures from young vs aged rats. No human clinical trials identified in English-language literature; evidence is small-sample and unreplicated outside Russia.

Evidence tier: Approved in Russia — see the methodology note for how this is assessed.

Citations

[The influence of polypeptide liver complex and tetrapeptide KEDA on organism physiological function in norm and age-related pathology] — Kuznik et al. 2020

Reported benefits

support for hepatic tissue repair/regeneration (preclinical)
potential hepatoprotective effects
claimed anti-aging effects on liver

Dosing protocols reported in the literature & community

These are protocols reported by compounding pharmacies, published trials, or self-experimentation communities — not a prescription. Start low, especially for anything new.

Reported dosing protocols
Route	Reported protocol
Subcutaneous/intramuscular injection or oral tablet	Community dosing: 10-20 mg subcutaneously or intramuscularly; oral forms 10-30 mg daily; unvalidated in humans.

Side effects

minimal reported; hepatotoxicity monitoring data unavailable

Safety notes

Community & reddit notes (anecdotal — not clinical evidence)

Discussed in Western biohacker circles for liver/metabolic health support; anecdotal only, with unassured purity when sourced outside Russia.