# Peptide Wiki

A reference on commonly discussed peptides: mechanism, research status, dosing protocols from the literature and from self-experimentation communities, and safety notes.

## Categories
- Recovery & healing (/categories/recovery-healing.html): Peptides for tendon, ligament, muscle, gut and nerve healing. The most-discussed category in self-experimentation communities. BPC-157 and TB-500/Thymosin Beta-4 are the anchor compounds, usually run together and often stacked with GH secretagogues.
- Anti-aging (/categories/anti-aging.html): Peptides for skin, connective tissue and general aging markers. Spans genuinely well-studied topical compounds (GHK-Cu) to speculative systemic 'bioregulator' peptides (Epithalon) with a much thinner human evidence base.
- Longevity (/categories/longevity.html): Peptides and peptide-adjacent compounds aimed at the biology of aging itself: mitochondrial function, cellular energy metabolism, telomere maintenance, immune aging. Not tied to any single organ or symptom.
- Fat loss (/categories/fat-loss.html): The best-funded, most rigorously trialed category here by a wide margin. GLP-1/GIP-class drugs (semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide) have large randomized controlled trials behind them, alongside older, less successful compounds (AOD-9604) and GH-axis approaches (tesamorelin).
- Fitness & muscle (/categories/fitness-muscle.html): Growth-hormone-axis peptides for training recovery, lean mass and body composition. CJC-1295/Ipamorelin is the default GH-secretagogue pairing, MK-677 the oral alternative, IGF-1 LR3 the more potent and more acutely risky downstream option.
- Sexual health (/categories/sexual-health.html): Peptides acting on brain-level arousal, bonding and reproductive-hormone pathways rather than local blood flow. A genuinely different mechanism class from PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil.
- Nootropics & cognitive (/categories/nootropics-cognitive.html): Peptides from the Russian 'peptide bioregulator' research tradition, several with genuine domestic drug approval in Russia, used elsewhere off-label for focus, mood and sleep.
- Peptide bioregulators (/categories/bioregulators.html): Organ-targeted synthetic peptide bioregulators developed in Russia, from the Khavinson research tradition. Short peptides designed to selectively influence specific tissues through epigenetic mechanisms.

## Peptides (machine-readable data at /data/peptides.json)
- 5-Amino-1MQ (/peptides/5-amino-1mq.html) — NNMT inhibitor that redirects nicotinamide into NAD+ synthesis. Popular in biohacker circles, backed by zero human trials. [Research chemical]
- ACE-031 (/peptides/ace-031.html) — Myostatin decoy receptor that showed early promise in muscular dystrophy trials, then got shut down over vascular side effects. [Investigational (halted clinical trials)]
- Adipotide (/peptides/adipotide.html) — Proapoptotic peptide that kills off adipose-tissue blood vessels; pulled from development after it damaged kidneys in human trials. [Discontinued (Phase 1 nephrotoxicity)]
- AHK-Cu (/peptides/ahk-cu.html) — Topical copper tripeptide marketed for hair follicle stimulation, distinct from (and less studied than) GHK-Cu. [Cosmetic ingredient (topical, unregulated as drug)]
- AICAR (/peptides/aicar.html) — AMPK activator marketed as 'exercise in a pill.' WADA-banned in sport, not FDA-approved for anything. [Research chemical]
- AOD-9604 (/peptides/aod-9604.html) — A growth hormone fragment engineered to isolate the fat-burning effect and drop HGH's blood sugar and tissue growth effects. Trialed for obesity, never reached market. [Failed efficacy trial]
- ARA-290 (/peptides/ara-290.html) — A non-hematopoietic EPO fragment developed for neuropathic pain and small-fiber nerve repair, without EPO's blood-thickening effects. [Investigational (trialed)]
- BPC-157 (/peptides/bpc-157.html) — A 15-amino-acid fragment of the gastric body-protection compound, the most widely self-administered healing peptide for tendon, ligament, muscle, and gut injuries. [Research chemical]
- Bronchogen (/peptides/bronchogen.html) — Organ-targeted bioregulator from the Khavinson lineage, aimed at bronchial and respiratory tissue. [Approved in Russia]
- Cagrilintide (/peptides/cagrilintide.html) — Long-acting amylin agonist that adds synergistic weight loss on top of GLP-1 drugs. [Investigational (Phase 3)]
- Cardiogen (/peptides/cardiogen.html) — Organ-targeted bioregulator from the Khavinson lineage aimed at cardiac tissue repair. [Approved in Russia]
- Cartalax (/peptides/cartalax.html) — Organ-targeted Khavinson peptide aimed at cartilage and joint tissue regeneration. [Approved in Russia; research compound]
- Cerebrolysin (/peptides/cerebrolysin.html) — Porcine neuropeptide preparation with clinical use for stroke and dementia in non-US countries. [Approved in 40+ countries; not FDA-approved in US]
- Chonluten (/peptides/chonluten.html) — Organ-targeted peptide for bronchial and pulmonary tissue support. [Approved in Russia; research compound]
- CJC-1295 / Mod-GRF (1-29) (/peptides/cjc-1295.html) — A modified GHRH analog for boosting growth hormone release, almost always stacked with a GHRP like Ipamorelin. The 'without DAC' version (Mod-GRF) sees far more use than the long-acting DAC version. [Research chemical]
- CJC-1295 with DAC (/peptides/cjc-1295-dac.html) — Long-acting GHRH analog with week-long half-life via albumin binding; distinct from daily-dosing CJC-1295. [Research compound]
- Cortagen (/peptides/cortagen.html) — Organ-targeted Khavinson peptide aimed at cerebral cortex structure and cognitive function. [Approved in Russia]
- Crystagen (/peptides/crystagen.html) — Organ-targeted Khavinson peptide aimed at immune activation and B-cell function. [Approved in Russia; limited Western literature]
- DSIP (/peptides/dsip.html) — A short peptide first isolated from the brains of sleeping rabbits, explored for sleep, stress and pain modulation. Human evidence for an actual sleep-inducing effect is thin, despite the name. [Research chemical]
- Epithalon (/peptides/epithalon.html) — A synthetic tetrapeptide based on a natural pineal-gland extract, studied by Russian researchers for telomerase activation, sleep and immune aging. [Research chemical]
- FGL(L) (/peptides/fgl-l.html) — A 15-amino-acid fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule that activates FGFR1 in rodent brains — real synaptic-plasticity data, zero human trials. [Research chemical]
- FOXO4-DRI (/peptides/foxo4-dri.html) — Senolytic peptide that disrupts the FOXO4-p53 interaction to induce selective apoptosis of senescent cells. Highly promising in mouse models, with minimal human evidence. [Research compound]
- GHK-Cu (/peptides/ghk-cu.html) — A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma. The best-studied skin peptide, also investigated for wound healing, hair and connective tissue. [Cosmetic (topical) / off-label injectable]
- GHRP-2 (/peptides/ghrp-2.html) — Potent synthetic growth hormone secretagogue with strong GH stimulation and emerging research support for tissue repair. [Research compound]
- GHRP-6 (/peptides/ghrp-6.html) — Potent GH secretagogue with distinctive strong appetite stimulation via ghrelin receptor mimicry. [Research compound]
- Glutathione (/peptides/glutathione.html) — The body's main intracellular antioxidant tripeptide; oral supplementation genuinely raises body stores in trials, but the skin-lightening and detox claims built on top of that are much thinner. [Research chemical]
- Gonadorelin acetate (/peptides/gonadorelin.html) — GnRH agonist peptide that stimulates endogenous LH and FSH to preserve testicular function and fertility during testosterone replacement therapy. [FDA approved]
- Hexarelin (/peptides/hexarelin.html) — Potent dual-receptor GH secretagogue with cardioprotective properties, limited by rapid receptor desensitization. [Research compound]
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (/peptides/hcg.html) — Placental hormone that mimics LH to stimulate testicular testosterone production and sperm output. Used clinically for hypogonadism/fertility, off-label in TRT, and in doping. [FDA approved]
- Humanin (/peptides/humanin.html) — A mitochondrial-derived peptide originally discovered for neuroprotection against Alzheimer's-related cell death, now explored in metabolic and longevity research. [Research chemical]
- IGF-1 LR3 (/peptides/igf-1-lr3.html) — A modified, long-acting version of IGF-1, the growth factor downstream of growth hormone that directly drives muscle cell proliferation. Used in bodybuilding circles for localized and systemic muscle growth. [Research chemical (acute risk)]
- Ipamorelin (/peptides/ipamorelin.html) — One of the most selective growth hormone secretagogues available. It stimulates GH release without the cortisol, prolactin or appetite spikes of older GHRPs, and is almost always paired with a GHRH analog like CJC-1295/Mod-GRF. [Research chemical]
- Kisspeptin (/peptides/kisspeptin.html) — The master upstream regulator of the reproductive hormone axis, more recently studied for direct effects on sexual and emotional brain processing, not just downstream hormone levels. [Investigational]
- KPV (/peptides/kpv.html) — A tiny 3-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH studied mainly for gut and skin inflammation, popular among self-experimenters with IBD-type symptoms. [Research chemical]
- Leuphasyl (/peptides/leuphasyl.html) — A stabilized enkephalin fragment marketed as a topical, needle-free alternative to neuromuscular-blocking wrinkle treatments — the mechanism is plausible, the human wrinkle-reduction evidence is thin. [Research chemical]
- Liraglutide (/peptides/liraglutide.html) — First-generation GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for weight loss (Saxenda) and diabetes (Victoza) with well-established safety and efficacy. [FDA-approved (2014 for diabetes, 2016 for weight loss)]
- Livagen (/peptides/livagen.html) — Organ-targeted peptide bioregulator designed to support liver tissue repair and hepatic function. [Approved in Russia]
- LL-37 (/peptides/ll-37.html) — Endogenous antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide with evidence for topical wound healing and emerging systemic applications. [FDA Category 1 bulk drug (compounding-pharmacy use only)]
- Matrixyl (/peptides/matrixyl.html) — Lipidated collagen-mimetic peptide (palmitoyl-KTTKS) that pushes fibroblasts to make more collagen and glycosaminoglycans. [Cosmetic ingredient (topical, unregulated as drug)]
- Mazdutide (/peptides/mazdutide.html) — Dual GLP-1/glucagon agonist in Phase 3 trials showing 15-20% weight loss with metabolic benefits beyond weight reduction. [Investigational (Phase 3)]
- Melanotan I (/peptides/mt-1.html) — FDA- and EU-approved MC1R agonist for erythropoietic protoporphyria; regulated pharmaceutical with photoprotection benefits, distinct from unregulated MT-2. [FDA approved (2019, USA)]
- Melanotan II (/peptides/mt-2.html) — Unregulated synthetic melanocortin agonist used illicitly for tanning and erectile function, with significant cardiovascular and melanoma safety concerns. [Research chemical]
- Met-Enkephalin (/peptides/met-enkephalin.html) — An endogenous five-amino-acid opioid that quietly puts a brake on cell division — well-studied in oncology and immunology labs, but that's not the same as a validated self-use protocol. [Research chemical]
- MGF (/peptides/mgf.html) — Muscle-specific IGF-1 isoform generated by mechanical stress; promotes local muscle repair and satellite cell activation. [Research compound]
- MK-677 (Ibutamoren) (/peptides/mk-677.html) — Orally active ghrelin mimetic that raises growth hormone and IGF-1 without injections. Not actually a peptide, but a fixture of GH-secretagogue discussions. [Discontinued (safety signal)]
- MOTS-c (/peptides/mots-c.html) — Mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA, studied for metabolic regulation and exercise-mimetic effects. [Research chemical]
- NAD+ (/peptides/nad.html) — Cellular coenzyme central to energy metabolism and DNA repair. Not actually a peptide, but a fixture of longevity peptide clinics and stacks. [Unregulated / not a peptide]
- Ovagen (/peptides/ovagen.html) — Organ-targeted peptide supporting ovarian tissue function and reproductive health. [Approved in Russia; veterinary research applications documented]
- Oxytocin (/peptides/oxytocin.html) — The 'bonding hormone' — an FDA-approved drug for labor induction and postpartum hemorrhage, explored off-label for social bonding, sexual intimacy and anxiety. [FDA-approved (obstetric use)]
- P21 (/peptides/p21.html) — CNTF-derived peptide with claimed neurogenic potential; adamantane-conjugated variant designed for blood-brain barrier penetration. [Investigational research compound]
- Pancragen (/peptides/pancragen.html) — Organ-targeted peptide bioregulator designed to support pancreatic function and glucose metabolism. [Approved in Russia]
- PE 22-28 (/peptides/pe-22-28.html) — Engineered spadin analog with improved TREK-1 channel inhibition and fast-acting antidepressant properties. [Research chemical]
- PEG-MGF (/peptides/peg-mgf.html) — Native MGF with a polyethylene glycol tag bolted on to stretch its otherwise minutes-long half-life into something injectable a few times a week; the underlying human data is essentially borrowed from other pegylated IGF-1 work, not PEG-MGF itself. [Research chemical]
- Pinealon (/peptides/pinealon.html) — Pineal-derived peptide bioregulator with cognitive and neuroprotective positioning. [Available in Russia and some international suppliers]
- PNC27 (/peptides/pnc27.html) — CANCER RESEARCH ONLY: p53-derived peptide inducing tumor cell necrosis through HDM-2 interaction; no human clinical trials, and no longevity or anti-aging protocol exists. [Preclinical oncology research only]
- Prostamax (/peptides/prostamax.html) — Organ-targeted peptide bioregulator designed to support prostate tissue structure and urogenital function. [Approved in Russia]
- PT-141 (Bremelanotide) (/peptides/pt-141.html) — A melanocortin-receptor agonist that acts on the brain's sexual-arousal pathways rather than on blood flow directly — FDA-approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, used off-label by men for erectile/libido support. [FDA-approved (women's HSDD)]
- PTD-DBM (/peptides/ptd-dbm.html) — Preclinical peptide that blocks a Wnt-pathway inhibitor (CXXC5) in hair follicles, designed to restore hair regrowth through molecular disinhibition. [Research chemical]
- Retatrutide (/peptides/retatrutide.html) — Investigational triple-hormone-receptor agonist with the largest weight-loss effect of any GLP-1-class compound tested so far. Not FDA-approved. [Investigational (Phase 3)]
- Selank (/peptides/selank.html) — Russian-developed anxiolytic peptide, approved as a prescription drug in Russia for anxiety and mixed anxiety-depressive disorders. Used off-label elsewhere as a calming nasal-spray nootropic. [Approved in Russia]
- Semaglutide (/peptides/semaglutide.html) — Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that kicked off the modern GLP-1 weight-loss era. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. [FDA-approved]
- Semax (/peptides/semax.html) — Russian-developed nootropic peptide, approved as a prescription drug in Russia for stroke recovery and cognitive/attention support. Widely used off-label elsewhere as a nasal-spray nootropic. [Approved in Russia]
- Sermorelin (/peptides/sermorelin.html) — The original, FDA-approved GHRH analog (its approved brand was later discontinued), the natural-sequence precursor that CJC-1295/Mod-GRF are modified versions of. [Formerly FDA-approved]
- SLU-PP-332 (/peptides/slu-pp-332.html) — A rodent-only 'exercise in a pill' compound that genuinely turns on exercise-like gene programs — but it is a small molecule, not a peptide, and has never been dosed in a human trial. [Research chemical]
- Snap-8 (/peptides/snap-8.html) — Topical cosmetic peptide marketed as a non-invasive alternative to Botox for expression lines. [Cosmetic ingredient (topical, unregulated as drug)]
- Somatropin (/peptides/hgh-somatropin.html) — FDA-approved recombinant growth hormone for deficiency, widely used off-label for performance and body composition. [FDA-approved (GHD treatment)]
- SS-31 (/peptides/ss-31.html) — Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that stabilizes cardiolipin and restores oxidative phosphorylation. FDA-approved for rare Barth syndrome, investigational in heart failure and aging-related conditions. [FDA Accelerated Approval (2025) for Barth Syndrome]
- Survodutide (/peptides/survodutide.html) — Boehringer Ingelheim's GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist in Phase 3, showing 17-22% weight loss with a cardiovascular outcomes trial underway. [Investigational (Phase 3)]
- TB-500 / Thymosin Beta-4 (/peptides/tb-500.html) — A naturally occurring wound-response peptide released by platelets, used for muscle, tendon and neurological healing, often stacked with BPC-157. [Research chemical]
- Teriparatide (/peptides/teriparatide.html) — FDA-approved PTH analog that stimulates bone formation. Used clinically for osteoporosis and investigationally for stress fractures and fracture healing. [FDA-approved for osteoporosis]
- Tesamorelin (/peptides/tesamorelin.html) — FDA-approved GHRH analog specifically approved for reducing visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, used off-label more broadly for visceral fat reduction and as a growth-hormone secretagogue. [FDA-approved]
- Testagen (/peptides/testagen.html) — Testis-targeted bioregulator peptide from the Khavinson family, proposed for testicular and vascular function. [Experimental research compound]
- Thymalin (/peptides/thymalin.html) — Thymic bioregulator from the Khavinson family with long-term human mortality follow-up and immune-modulating effects. [Approved in Russia and Eastern Europe]
- Thymosin Alpha-1 (/peptides/thymosin-alpha-1.html) — A naturally occurring immune-regulating peptide, approved as a prescription drug (Zadaxin) in dozens of countries for chronic hepatitis B/C and as an immune adjuvant, one of the few peptides here with real regulatory approval somewhere in the world. [Approved abroad (Rx)]
- Tirzepatide (/peptides/tirzepatide.html) — A dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that generally outperforms semaglutide for weight loss in head-to-head trials. FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. [FDA-approved]
- Vesugen (/peptides/vesugen.html) — Organ-targeted peptide supporting vascular endothelial cell function and tissue regeneration. [Approved in Russia; PubMed-indexed research available]
- Vilon (/peptides/vilon.html) — Short-form thymic dipeptide bioregulator with immunomodulatory and T-cell differentiation effects. [Available in Russia and some Eastern European countries]
- VIP (/peptides/vip.html) — Endogenous neuropeptide and vasodilator with immunomodulatory properties, used investigationally for mold-illness immune dysregulation and pulmonary hypertension. [FDA investigational (synthetic aviptadil had Fast Track status for COVID-19, not approved)]
- Zinc-thymulin (/peptides/zinc-thymulin.html) — A zinc-dependent thymic hormone with real, decades-old immunology behind it, repackaged for topical hair-loss use on evidence that is mostly adjacent, not direct. [Research chemical]

## Stacks (combinations, /stacks.html)
- BPC-157 + TB-500 (/stacks/bpc-157-tb-500.html) — The default recovery stack: one systemic healer, one local one.
- BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu (/stacks/bpc-157-tb-500-ghk-cu.html) — The base recovery stack plus a collagen-remodeling peptide.
- BPC-157 + TB-500 + GHK-Cu + KPV (/stacks/bpc-157-tb-500-ghk-cu-kpv.html) — The full recovery stack plus an anti-inflammatory tripeptide.
- Cagrilintide + Semaglutide (CagriSema) (/stacks/cagrilintide-semaglutide.html) — The one stack on this list with real trial data behind it.
- CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin (/stacks/cjc-1295-ipamorelin.html) — A GHRH and a GHRP paired to push more GH out of the pituitary.
- Retatrutide + Cagrilintide (/stacks/retatrutide-cagrilintide.html) — Two trial drugs nobody has actually combined yet.
- Semax + Selank (/stacks/semax-selank.html) — Russian nootropic paired with a Russian anxiolytic.
- Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin (/stacks/tesamorelin-ipamorelin.html) — Same idea as CJC-1295 + ipamorelin, but with an FDA-approved GHRH backbone.

## Notes for agents
Every page has JSON-LD structured data (MedicalWebPage/CollectionPage + BreadcrumbList).
Flat JSON dataset: /data/peptides.json, /data/categories.json, /data/stacks.json, /data/sitemap.json
This is not medical advice — see /about.html.