Recovery & healing
Teriparatide
FDA-approved PTH analog that stimulates bone formation. Used clinically for osteoporosis and investigationally for stress fractures and fracture healing.
FDA-approved for osteoporosis Recovery & healing Anti-aging Fitness & muscle
- Full name
- Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 (PTH 1-34)
- Also known as
- Forteo
- Regulatory status
- FDA-approved for osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and men
Origin
Recombinant human PTH 1-34, the N-terminal active fragment of parathyroid hormone. FDA-approved in 2002 as an anabolic bone agent, unlike antiresorptive bisphosphonates, with 20+ years of post-market surveillance.
Mechanism
Binds PTH1 receptors on osteoblasts, activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and increasing osteoid production. Intermittent (daily) dosing favors bone anabolism over resorption, building cortical and trabecular bone mass.
Research summary
Evidence
Large RCTs demonstrated a 65% reduction in vertebral fracture risk and a 53% reduction in non-vertebral fracture risk. Post-market surveillance of over 75,000 patients found zero attributable osteosarcoma cases despite a rat-toxicology signal at very high doses; the FDA removed the black-box osteosarcoma warning in 2023. Off-label use for stress fractures/delayed union is growing but less evidenced. PTH resistance caps therapy at 2 years maximum.
Evidence tier: FDA-approved for osteoporosis — see the methodology note for how this is assessed.
Citations
Reported benefits
- significant increase in bone mineral density
- 65% reduction in vertebral fracture risk
- 53% reduction in non-vertebral fracture risk
- off-label: potential acceleration of stress-fracture healing
Dosing protocols reported in the literature & community
These are protocols reported by compounding pharmacies, published trials, or self-experimentation communities — not a prescription. Start low, especially for anything new.
| Route | Reported protocol |
|---|---|
| Subcutaneous self-injection | FDA-approved: 20 mcg once daily via pen injector; maximum duration 2 years. |
Side effects
- dizziness (transient, first 4 hours post-dose)
- injection-site reactions
- mild hypercalcemia
- nausea
- leg cramps
Safety notes
Community & reddit notes (anecdotal — not clinical evidence)
Clinical osteoporosis use is well-established. Off-label athletic/orthopedic interest for stress-fracture healing is growing on mechanistic appeal, though RCT evidence for that use remains limited; competitive-sport use raises doping/ethical concerns.